May 2020 – Kamdhenu Society

A prospective cohort of American Indian and Alaska Native people: study design, methods, and implementation.

May 15, 2020 by Anne Mckinney

In 2001, the National Cancer Institute funded three facilities to check the feasibility of establishing a cohort of American Indian and Alaska Native folks. Participating in tribal organizations named the study EARTH (Education and Research Towards Health).

This paper describes the study strategies. A computerized knowledge assortment and monitoring system was developed utilizing audio computer-assisted survey methodology with contact screens. Data had been collected on weight loss plan, bodily exercise, life-style and cultural practices, medical and reproductive historical past, and household historical past of coronary heart illness, diabetes, and most cancers.

In addition, a small panel of medical measurements was obtained, together with top, weight, waist and hip circumferences, blood stress, and a lipid panel plus glucose. At the completion of the enrollment go to, knowledge had been used to offer quick well being suggestions to study individuals.

During the preliminary funding interval, the authors anticipate enrolling 16,000 American Indian and Alaska Native individuals. The age distribution of the study inhabitants was much like that reported within the 2000 US Census for the related populations.

A part essential to the success of the EARTH Study has been the partnerships with tribal members.

The study has centered on involvement of American Indian and Alaska Native communities in improvement and implementation and on provision of suggestions to individuals and communities.

Prevalence of dyslipidemia in city and rural India: the ICMR-INDIAB study.

OBJECTIVE
To study the sample and prevalence of dyslipidemia in a big consultant pattern of 4 chosen areas in India.

METHODS
Phase I of the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study was carried out in a consultant inhabitants of three states of India [Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Jharkhand] and one Union Territory [Chandigarh], and lined a inhabitants of 213 million folks utilizing stratified multistage sampling design to recruit people ≥20 years of age. All the study topics (n = 16,607) underwent anthropometric measurements and oral glucose tolerance assessments had been carried out utilizing capillary blood (besides in self-reported diabetes). In addition, in each fifth topic (n = 2042), a fasting venous pattern was collected and assayed for lipids. Dyslipidemia was recognized utilizing National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP) pointers.

RESULTS
Of the topics studied, 13.9% had hypercholesterolemia, 29.5% had hypertriglyceridemia, 72.3% had low HDL-C, 11.8% had excessive LDL-C ranges and 79% had abnormalities in a single of the lipid parameters.

Regional disparity exists with the very best charges of hypercholesterolemia noticed in Tamilnadu (18.3%), highest charges of hypertriglyceridemia in Chandigarh (38.6%), highest charges of low HDL-C in Jharkhand (76.8%) and highest charges of excessive LDL-C in Tamilnadu (15.8%). Except for low HDL-C and within the state of Maharashtra, in all different states, city residents had the very best prevalence of lipid abnormalities in comparison with rural residents. Low HDL-C was the commonest lipid abnormality (72.3%) in all of the 4 areas studied; in 44.9% of topics, it was current as an remoted abnormality. Common vital danger elements for dyslipidemia included weight problems, diabetes, and dysglycemia.

CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of dyslipidemia may be very excessive in India, which requires pressing life-style intervention methods to forestall and handle this vital cardiovascular danger issue.

Study of prevalence of dermatophytes among human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS patients in Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

May 15, 2020 by Anne Mckinney

Introduction
The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of dermatophytoses in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients as well as to analyze the influence of CD4+ T-cell level in the Dermatology and STD Outpatient Department of Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Himayat sagar road, Hyderabad (Telangana state). The patients were tested for dermatophytic infections, as well as for the CD4+ T-cell counts.

A total of 120 HIV-seropositive patients were included in this study, among which 38 were diagnosed of dermatophytosis.

A majority of patients were in the 21-30 years’ age group. Tinea cruris was seen in majority of the cases, with Trichophyton rubrum being the most common culprit.
Cutaneous fungal infections have been reported worldwide as being one of the most common human infectious diseases in clinical practice.

Dermatophytoses in individuals with HIV infection seem to manifest with atypical, multiple, or extensive lesions more frequently.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dermatophytic infections among HIV-seropositive patients and their relation with CD4 count.

This single-center prospective study was conducted in all HIV-seropositive patients (by double ELISA methods) who attended the Dermatology and STD Outpatient Department of Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Himayat sagar road, Hyderabad (Telangana state), from March 2015 to September 2016. They were screened for cutaneous fungal infections and those who tested positive were recruited for this study.

Results
A total of 120 HIV-seropositive patients were included in this study, among which 38 were diagnosed of dermatophytosis. Most patients were in the 21-30 years’ age group. Tinea cruris was the most common variant, and T. rubrum was the most common offending pathogen. It was also found that the CD4+ T-cell count does not influence the occurrence of dermatophytoses.

Conclusion
Superficial fungal infections are a common yet significant problem in HIV infection. They are characterized by the diversity of clinical aspects; the lesions are mostly caused by T. rubrum. It is essential that optimum treatment should be administered.

Study of prevalence of dermatophytes among human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS patients in Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Challenges and Opportunities in Establishing and Maintaining Newborn Screening in a Rural Area of Andhra Pradesh – Task Force Study by Indian Council of Medical Research.

OBJECTIVEThe primary objective was to evaluate the feasibility of setting up newborn screening in rural areas in India. Secondary objective was to enhance the knowledge and awareness towards early detection of diseases by newborn screening, management of the affected baby and to impart genetic counseling.

METHODSAwareness programs were conducted at different mandals in the district for the medical practioners during the preparatory phase of the Task Force Project. Educative lectures and clinical meetings regarding the importance and relevance of newborn screening were held every 3 months initially and half yearly later.

Families were counselled during antenatal check-ups.RESULTSGood co-operation was obtained from medical doctors and their willingness to participate in sample collection from the hospitals. Families accepted screening after an initial period of resistance.

The fact that screening of this kind will help their babies made a positive impact. Many families started promoting newborn screening to their friends and relations.

Confirmation of diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up were satisfactory with almost negligible number of cases lost to follow-up.CONCLUSIONSWith proper planning and commitment on the part of health authorities, it is possible to implement newborn screening in rural areas in India as well.

Research priorities in Maternal, Newborn, & Child Health & Nutrition for India: An Indian Council of Medical Research-INCLEN Initiative.

May 15, 2020 by Anne Mckinney

In India, analysis prioritization in Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) themes has historically concerned solely a handful of consultants largely from main cities.

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-INCLEN collaboration undertook a nationwide train partaking school from 256 establishments to establish high analysis priorities in the MNCHN themes for 2016-2025.

The Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative technique of precedence setting was tailored. The context of the train was outlined by a National Steering Group (NSG) and guided by 4 Thematic Research Subcommittees.

Research concepts have been pooled from 498 consultants positioned in completely different elements of India, iteratively consolidated into analysis choices, scored by 893 consultants in opposition to 5 pre-defined standards (answerability, relevance, fairness, funding and innovation) and weighed by a bigger reference group.

Ranked lists of priorities have been generated for every of the 4 themes at nationwide and three subnational (regional) ranges [Empowered Action Group & North-Eastern States, Southern and Western States, & Northern States (including West Bengal)]. Research priorities differed between areas and from total nationwide priorities.

Delivery area of analysis which included implementation analysis constituted about 70 per cent of the highest ten analysis choices beneath all 4 themes.

The outcomes have been endorsed in the NSG assembly. There was unanimity that the analysis priorities needs to be thought-about by completely different governmental and non-governmental companies for funding with prioritization on implementation analysis and points slicing throughout themes.

Indian Council of Medical Research Consensus Document for the Management of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (High Grade).

This consensus doc relies on the rules associated to the administration of Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (High grade) in the Indian inhabitants as proposed by the core professional committee.

Accurate prognosis in hematolymphoid neoplasm requires a mixture of detailed historical past,scientific examination, and varied investigations together with routine laboratory checks, good high quality histology part (of tumor and likewise bone marrow aspirate/biopsy), immunostaining, cytogenetic and molecular research and radiology investigations.

The staging system used for grownup excessive grade lymphomas relies on the Ann Arbor system and consists of varied parameters like scientific, haematology, biochemistry, serology and radiology.

Response needs to be evaluated with radiological analysis after 3-Four cycles and on the finish of remedy primarily based on standards together with and excluding PET.

Treatment of excessive grade lymphomas relies on histologic subtype, extent of illness, and age of the affected person. Autologous stem cell transplantation after excessive dose chemotherapy is efficient in the remedy of relapsed NHL.

Newer RT methods like Three dimensional conformal radiation remedy (3D-CRT) and depth modulated radiation remedy (IMRT) can considerably scale back radiation doses to surrounding regular tissues in lymphoma sufferers. Patients needs to be adopted up each Three to Four months for the primary 2 years, adopted by 6 month-to-month for the following Three years after which yearly.